Frontiers in Immunology: review time and acceptance speed
ISSN 1664-3224 · Frontiers Media · Immunology and Microbiology
Half of the articles Frontiers in Immunology accepted in 2025 were accepted within 78 days of submission (n = 6,814); the middle half took 54–112 days.
Accepted articles only · dates deposited by the publisher in PubMed · data as of Sep 15, 2026
How long does Frontiers in Immunology take to accept a paper?
| Year | Articles (n) | 25th pct | Median | 75th pct | 90th pct | Accepted <14 days | Have a revised date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 6,814 | 54 | 78 | 112 | 154 | 0.2% | 19% |
| 2024 | 5,142 | 54 | 77 | 113 | 155 | 0.1% | 0% |
| 2023 | 5,863 | 51 | 71 | 101 | 140 | 0.1% | 0% |
| 2022 | 7,861 | 42 | 60 | 88 | 125 | 0.7% | 0% |
| 2021 | 5,748 | 50 | 70 | 103 | 150 | 0.1% | 0% |
| 2020 | 3,718 | 61 | 83 | 117 | 159 | 0.1% | 0% |
- 2026: not shown yet — a year is reported once late-indexed articles have arrived (at least 180 days after it ends).
Research articles vs reviews (2025)
| Type | n | 25th pct | Median | 75th pct |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Research articles | 4,139 | 56 | 81 | 116 |
| Reviews | 2,291 | 50 | 73 | 106 |
Distribution in 2025
Show as a table
| Days | Articles | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 0–29 | 280 | 4.1% |
| 30–59 | 1,862 | 27.3% |
| 60–89 | 1,950 | 28.6% |
| 90–119 | 1,262 | 18.5% |
| 120–149 | 705 | 10.3% |
| 150–179 | 356 | 5.2% |
| 180–209 | 193 | 2.8% |
| 210–239 | 97 | 1.4% |
| 240–269 | 54 | 0.8% |
| 270–299 | 25 | 0.4% |
| 300–329 | 15 | 0.2% |
| 330–359 | 4 | 0.1% |
| 360+ | 11 | 0.2% |
From acceptance to online publication
After acceptance, half of the 2025 articles appeared online within 20 days (middle half 16–24 days, n = 6,814).
From submission to online publication, the median was 100 days (middle half 75–135 days, n = 6,814).
Read these numbers carefully
- These times describe articles the journal accepted. Rejected manuscripts never appear in public data, so they cannot tell you how long a rejection takes.
- Dates are the ones the publisher deposited with PubMed. Some publishers record the date a revised manuscript arrived as the submission date, which makes review look faster.
- Invited articles and special issues can move faster than regular submissions.
Open access status and publishing fees
Open access (listed in DOAJ). Listed APC: 3,150 CHF (about $3,850 at ECB rates of Sep 15, 2026; DOAJ).
Institutions reported paying a median of about $3,468 per article (2023–2025, 711 reported payments in OpenAPC; converted from euros at yearly ECB average rates).
Many journals waive or reduce fees for authors from eligible countries or institutions with publishing agreements — check with the journal and your library.
Integrity and indexing signals
Facts from public records, shown without judgement. See the methodology for why each can be worth a closer look.
| Listed in DOAJ | Yes (DOAJ record) |
|---|---|
| Articles indexed for MEDLINE in 2025 | Yes |
| Retractions | 14 retracted articles among 31,403 added to PubMed in 2021–2025 (0.45 per 1,000), per the Retraction Watch Database. |
| Accepted within 14 days of submission | 0.2% of 2025 articles |
| Publication volume | 6,612 articles added to PubMed in 2025 (+29% vs 2024). |
Topics and scope
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction (13% of indexed topics)
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology (9% of indexed topics)
- Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers (8% of indexed topics)
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses (8% of indexed topics)
- Immune cells in cancer (7% of indexed topics)
- Immune Response and Inflammation (5% of indexed topics)
Immunology and Microbiology journalsMedicine journalsImmunology journals
Similar journals — faster or cheaper, side by side
Journals publishing on the most similar topics (OpenAlex), ordered by similarity. Only 2025 figures are compared with the 2025 median of Frontiers in Immunology, 78 days.
| Paid APC median | DOAJ | MEDLINE | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical & Translational Immunology | 147 (2025, n = 52) | $3,380 | — | Yes | No |
| Cellular and Molecular Immunology | 160 (2025, n = 103) | ≈$5,190 | — | No | Yes |
| Journal of Immunology Research | 156 (2025, n = 74) | $3,110 | — | Yes | Yes |
| ImmunoHorizons | 69 (2025, n = 84) | $1,595 | — | Yes | Yes |
| Nature Immunology | 300 (2025, n = 167) | ≈$12,690 | $10,840 (10 payments) | No | Yes |
| Immunity | 255 (2025, n = 216) | ≈$10,400 | $8,969 (9 payments) | No | Yes |
| Seminars in Immunology | 82 (2025, n = 51) | ≈$4,370 | — | No | Yes |
| Immunology | 119 (2025, n = 153) | ≈$5,330 | — | No | Yes |
No journals match these filters.
Frequently asked questions
How long does Frontiers in Immunology take to accept a paper?
Half of the articles Frontiers in Immunology accepted in 2025 were accepted within 78 days of submission (n = 6,814); the middle half took 54–112 days. Based on dates in PubMed for accepted articles only.
How long after acceptance are Frontiers in Immunology articles published online?
Half of the articles accepted in 2025 appeared online within 20 days of acceptance (n = 6,814).
Does Frontiers in Immunology charge an article processing charge (APC)?
Listed APC: 3,150 CHF (about $3,850 at ECB rates of Sep 15, 2026; DOAJ).
Sources and method
Journal identity: ISSN-L 1664-3224; NLM ID 101560960; OpenAlex record. Speed figures use 6,814 articles accepted in 2025 with valid dates; excluded records for that year: none.
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Data sources. Submission, acceptance and publication dates: Courtesy of the U.S. National Library of Medicine (PubMed, entries through Sep 15, 2026). NLM does not endorse Journal Clock, and these figures may not reflect the most current PubMed data. Journal fees and open-access listing: DOAJ (CC0, retrieved Sep 16, 2026). Fees paid by institutions: OpenAPC (Open Database License, retrieved Sep 16, 2026). Retractions: Retraction Watch Database via Crossref (retrieved Sep 16, 2026). Journal identifiers and topics: OpenAlex (CC0). Currency conversion: ECB reference rates (Sep 15, 2026). How these numbers are calculated · For organisations.